Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Binet, Françoise

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Because earthworms sustain soil functioning and fertility, there is a need to advance the knowledge of their adaptation potential to chemicals in anthropogenic landscapes. Our hypothesis is that there is acclimation to organic chemicals (pesticides) in earthworms that durably persist under conventional farming in anthropogenic landscapes. The adaptation capability of two populations of earthworms (Aporectodea caliginosa) having a different chemical exposure history, - one originating from 20 years of organic farming (naïve population) and another from 20 years of conventional farming (pre-exposed population) - to cope with soil organic pollutant (Opus®, epoxiconazole a worldwide used fungicide) were investigated. Several complementary metabolic and energetic endpoints were followed, and cast production was assessed as a behavioural biomarker related to earthworms ecological role for the soil. Basal metabolism reflected by respiration rate was increased in both fungicide-exposed worms compared to controls. Glycogen resources were decreased in the same proportion in the two populations but more rapidly for the naïve (7 days) than for the pre-exposed population (28 days). Soluble protein and most amino-acids contents increased in the pre-exposed population only, suggesting a detoxification mechanism. Metabolomic profiles showed a cut-off between fungicide-exposed and control groups in the pre-exposed earthworms only, with an increase in most of the metabolites. Exposure to a low dose of epoxiconazole increased cast production of pre-exposed earthworms, and this resulted in an increase in pesticide disappearance. As far as we know, this is the first study which evidenced there is an acclimation to an agricultural chemical in earthworms derived from conventional farming that also relates to a change in their burrowing behaviour, and for which larger consequences for the soil ecosystem need to be addressed. This original finding is of major interest in the frame of ecosystem resilience to global changes. Whether this physiological adaptation is a general pattern of response against fungicides or other pesticides would need to be confirmed with other molecules and agricultural contexts.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry

hal-01005821
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01005821
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01005821/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.032

| Plus

Dictionaire caraibe-francois, meslé de quantité de remarques historiques pour l'esclaircissement de la langue
Auteur(s) : Breton, Raymond (1609-1679)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Voyages du père Labat de l'ordre des FF. Prêcheurs, en Espagne et en Italie. Tome IV
Auteur(s) : Labat, Jean-Baptiste (1663-1738)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Le parfait indigotier ou Description de l'indigo : contenant un détail circonstancié de cette plante, sa coupe, pourriture & battage, plusieurs remarques curieuses & utiles pour la fabrication de cette marchandise, avec une formule d'économie convenable à un indigotier, qui contient en abrégé comment on doit gérer une habitation & les Negres, le caractère des Negres, la conduite qu'il faut tenir pour en tirer du service ; ensemble un traité sur la culture du café, la description de cet arbre & de sa manufacture
Auteur(s) : Monnereau, Elie
Année de publication :

| Plus

Histoire naturelle et morale des îles Antilles de l'Amérique avec un vocabulaire caraïbe
Auteur(s) : Poincy, Louis de (.-1660)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Almanach de la Guadeloupe et dépendances pour l'année 1851
Année de publication :

| Plus

Histoire de la Martinique depuis la colonisation jusqu'en 1815. Tome 5
Auteur(s) : Daney de Marcillac, Sidney (1810-1893)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Montesquieu et l'esclavage : étude sur les origines de l'opinion antiesclavagiste en France au XVIIIe siècle
Auteur(s) : Jameson, Russell Parsons (1878-1954)
Année de publication :

| Plus